Nicolaus Copernicus

1473 - 1543 Renaissance Polish

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Biographical Core

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) was a Polish mathematician, astronomer, and canon of Frombork Cathedral who revolutionized astronomy by proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system. Born in Torun to a merchant family, he was educated at the University of Krakow and Italian universities under his uncle's patronage. His masterwork, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), challenged the prevailing Ptolemaic geocentric model and launched the Scientific Revolution, though his theory was not widely accepted during his lifetime.

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